Φεστιβάλ μεσοφθινοπώρου
Ετικέτα: Landline Telephone manufacturer
Σταθερό Σταθερό Τηλέφωνο Ιστορικό Ανάπτυξης Επικοινωνιών στην Κίνα (2)
Fixed Landline Telephone History
4. Foreign investors build Shanghai landline telephone
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1882, the Great Northern Telegraph Company set up a magnet-type manual telephone exchange at No. 7 on the Bund, erected telegraph poles in the Shanghai Public Concession and the French Concession, and installed 25 telephones. The annual rental fee for telephones per household was 150 yuan. There is a public telephone. This was Shanghai’s first commercial telephone exchange six years after the invention of the telephone, and only five years later than the world’s first telephone company, the American Bell Telephone Company, which is now the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά).
At that time, there were 41 actual users, including 38 foreign banks and 3 Chinese commercial banks. By the end of the year, the number of users had increased to 338, and the rental fee for each household was 150 yuan per year. In the same year, British companies such as China Toyo Telephone also established telephone companies in Shanghai.
Huang Shiquan recorded in “Songnan Dream Video Recording”: “The method is to erect wooden poles along the way and tie two lead wires to them, which is no different from the telegraph. Ωστόσο, the mechanism is completely different. The method of transmission does not use letters to assemble it, but only The message must be communicated to the end of the line, just like talking in a room. According to the cloud, within twelve o’clock, it can be transmitted to the five continents of the earth.”
The significance of the installation of these local telephones is different from the point-to-one intercom telephones of the previous steamship merchants. These 25 places with telephones can communicate with each other, and the transfer is realized through the telephone exchange. There are many connections in front of each operator. board, when the caller makes a call, the corresponding socket will light up, and then the operator can pick up the phone and ask you where to call. If the phone number is within the range of his management, he will insert the line plug into the corresponding socket. jack, then the called party’s home phone starts to ring, and the two parties can talk.
Shenzhen EAST LINE are the OME landline telephone manufacturer.
5. The development of China’s telephone industry in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1900, under the promotion of the Qing government, Liu Kunyi, the governor of Liangjiang and the minister of Nanyang, “due to the defense and martial law, the vast area of the province, the civil and military personnel were stationed far away, and when there was an incident, the business was spread, and the delay was carefully considered.” Set up a telephone and use a wire to convey messages, hoping to respond well.” He established the Jiangnan Electric Power Bureau in Rundli, Nanjing, and set up a telephone exchange (also known as the “Telephone Central Office”). He initially set up a 50-door magnet manual switchboard and installed 16 single machines, all of which were used by the official residence. .
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1903, the Tianjin Telephone Bureau was established.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1904, the Beijing government-run telephone exchange was established.
In February 1907, the State Administration of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the Qing government established the Shanghai Telephone Bureau in Xinquanli Street outside the East Gate of Shanghai South City based on the commercial telephone of 1902. It rented three private houses as office rooms, with a total of It had 19 employees and had 97 users when it opened, breaking the situation in which foreign companies had monopolized Shanghai’s telephone communications industry since the establishment of the foreign telephone company in 1882.
Telephones have limitations such as a limited transmission distance, which can only “reach a distance of sixty miles”, και “a person with many languages cannot understand many languages”, so there is a long way to go for improvement. Επομένως, after the telephone entered China, it did not spread to all parts of the country as quickly as the telegraph did.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1889, Peng Mingbao, who was in charge of Anqing’s telegraph business in Anhui at that time, designed and manufactured my country’s first telephone, named “Microphone”, with a communication distance of up to 300 miles.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1929, a long-distance line was laid between Nanjing and Shanghai. A pair of lines passed through Zhenjiang, Wuxi, Suzhou, Kunshan and other places. The call was in one place and stopped in other places. Αργότερα, a pair of lines were added directly to Shanghai. To make a long-distance call, you must first dial the record number and register. There are two types: urgent and regular. Because there are too few lines, there is an unwritten rule: business people give way to military people, military people give way to air defense, and small officials give way to big officials. When Chiang Kai-shek calls, all people give way except air defense.
6. The development of telephone after the founding of the People’s Republic of China
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1949, China’s telephone penetration rate was only 0.05%, and there were only 260,000 telephone users.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1970, Denmark first used the F-68 digital push button dialing telephone, replacing the rotary dial type.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1978, China’s telephone capacity was 3.59 εκατομμύριο, users were 2.14 εκατομμύριο, and the penetration rate was 0.38%, less than 1/10 of the world level.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1982, China’s first 10,000-door program-controlled telephone exchange, the Japanese F-150, was put into use in Fuzhou. This work began at the end of 1979. During the equipment selection stage, my country successively cooperated with 8 companies including Fujitsu, NEC, Ericsson, and Philips. Negotiated with manufacturers and conducted a short-term equipment selection inspection in Japan. The Fujian Provincial Post and Telecommunications Administration signed an introduction contract with Fujitsu on December 24, 1980. The local telephone equipment was shipped from Yokohama, Japan on January 30, 1982. It was installed on April 12 and officially opened at 0:00 on November 27.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1985, Shenzhen issued my country’s first set of phone cards, with a total of 3 cards and a face value of 87 yuan.
The initial installation fee for installing a local telephone in 1991 was 1,500 yuan.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1995, the initial installation fee for local telephone calls was 3,500 yuan.
In March 2003, the number of fixed-line users reached 225.626 εκατομμύριο, and the number of mobile phone users reached 221.491 εκατομμύριο. The number of mobile phone users is about to equal that of fixed-line users.
Shenzhen EAST LINE’s annual capacity of landline telephones is around 3 Million units for home, office, ξενοδοχειο, schools etc.
Λεπτό Ενσύρματο Τηλέφωνο Περικοπής Τηλεφώνου με Σκληρό Κέλυφος
Σταθερό Σταθερό Τηλέφωνο Ιστορικό Ανάπτυξης Επικοινωνιών στην Κίνα (1)
Ιστορικό σταθερής τηλεφωνίας στην Κίνα
Στην Κίνα, ο τηλέγραφος και το τηλέφωνο εμφανίστηκαν περίπου την ίδια στιγμή. Αφού κατασκευάστηκε η τηλεγραφική γραμμή, το τηλέφωνο μπήκε και στην Κίνα. Σε πολλές περιπτώσεις, κοινοποιήθηκαν τηλεφωνικές και τηλεγραφικές γραμμές, και οι αναπτυξιακές τροχιές των δύο ήταν σχεδόν παράλληλες. Δεν ήταν Χρειάστηκαν πολλά χρόνια μετά την εισαγωγή του τηλέγραφου στην Κίνα προτού εμφανιστούν σιγά σιγά πιο προηγμένα τηλέφωνα. Ο αριθμός τηλεφώνου σε αυτό το τεύχος αναφέρεται σε σταθερό τηλέφωνο, επίσης γνωστό ως α “σταθερή τηλεφωνία”, όχι κινητό τηλέφωνο (κινητό τηλέφωνο).
Η Shenzhen EAST LINE είναι ο επαγγελματίας κατασκευαστής σταθερών τηλεφώνων OEM.
1. Εγώεφεύρεση του τηλεφώνου
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1861, ένας Γερμανός δάσκαλος εφηύρε το πρωτότυπο τηλέφωνο, που χρησιμοποιούσε την αρχή των ηχητικών κυμάτων για να επικοινωνούν μεταξύ τους σε μικρές αποστάσεις, αλλά δεν τέθηκε σε πραγματική χρήση.
There has always been controversy about the inventor of the telephone. Some say it was Antonio Meucci, another said it was Bell, and another said it was Elisha Gray. There are many such things. The most famous one is Newton and Leibniz’s theory of micro-organisms. In the story of points, the main controversy is Meucci and Bell.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1849, the 41-year-old Meucci accidentally discovered that wires could transmit some sounds during an electroshock treatment. Then he made a simple sound transmission system. έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1860, the 52-year-old Meucci demonstrated this system to the public and An introduction to the invention was published in an Italian-language newspaper in New York, when his rival Alexander Bell was only 13 years old. Because he was too poor to pay the patent maintenance fee, he sent the model and technical details to the Western Union Telegraph Company in the hope of commercial use, but nothing happened.
On February 14, 1876, Bell, who shared a laboratory with Meucci, applied for a telephone patent to the U.S. Patent Office, και η αίτηση εγκρίθηκε τον Μάρτιο 3.
Ωστόσο, αν ο Μπελ εφηύρε ανεξάρτητα το τηλέφωνο, βελτίωσε τον εξοπλισμό μετάδοσης ήχου, λογοκλοπή Meucci, ή χρησιμοποίησε διαφορετικές αρχές, παρακαλώ μείνετε ήρεμοι. Όταν η επιστήμη και η τεχνολογία αναπτύσσονται σε ένα ορισμένο επίπεδο, η ίδια δημιουργία και δημιουργικότητα Συμβαίνει σε πολλά μέρη, που είναι πολύ συνηθισμένο.
Οι γραμμές τηλεγράφου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν αρχικά για τη μετάδοση τηλεφωνικών σημάτων, αλλά η παρεμβολή θορύβου που προκλήθηκε από τέτοιες γραμμές ήταν πολύ μεγάλη, so people were not allowed to improve the communication lines. έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1883, a line using a second wire as a loop appeared, which greatly reduced the noise interference in telephone communications.
2. The origin of the name “από το ελληνικό τῆλε”
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1796, Hughes proposed a method of using a microphone to relay voice messages. Although this method was not very practical, he gave this method of communication a name: ή ρυθμίστε το ποτενσιόμετρο έντασης στην κατάλληλη θέση, which is still used today.
The Chinese word “από το ελληνικό τῆλε” is a Chinese word created by Japan. In fact, there are many Chinese names translated in Japan. In addition to telephone, ο πιο γνωστός είναι ο φιλοσοφικός όρος “μεταφυσική”. Τηλέφωνο είναι η ελεύθερη μετάφραση της αγγλικής λέξης “από το ελληνικό τῆλε”. Οι Κινέζοι μετέφρασαν αυτήν την αγγλική λέξη και τη μετέφρασαν ως “από το ελληνικό τῆλε”.
Στις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα, μια ομάδα αλλοδαπών φοιτητών από το Shaoxing της Ιαπωνίας απάντησαν από κοινού στην πατρίδα τους, που εισήγαγε λεπτομερώς την κατάσταση του εκσυγχρονισμού στην Ιαπωνία. Ανάμεσά τους περιλαμβανόταν και ο Lu Xun. Όταν αναφερόταν η επιστολή “από το ελληνικό τῆλε”, εξήγησε συγκεκριμένα: “Με ηλεκτρικές συσκευές, Να μεταφέρω λέξεις, οι Κινέζοι το μετέφρασαν ως “από το ελληνικό τῆλε”, που δεν είναι τόσο καλό όσο “από το ελληνικό τῆλε”. Σταδιακά, λεγόταν τηλέφωνο. Για ένα χρονικό διάστημα, οι δύο όροι “από το ελληνικό τῆλε” και “από το ελληνικό τῆλε” χρησιμοποιήθηκαν συνήθως. Αργότερα, “από το ελληνικό τῆλε” “Ανεμος” σιγά σιγά εξαφανίζεται.
3． Chinese people came into contact with telephones for the first time
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1876 (the second year of Guangxu), Ningbo customs official Li Gui was ordered to go to the United States to participate in the “World’s Fair” held in Philadelphia. He saw a telephone that could transmit messages, and wrote it in his book “A New Record of Traveling Around the World”. In the book, Li Gui is the first Chinese to see a telephone for which historical data are available.
In this book, he also made detailed records of the U.S. Postal Service and suggested that the Qing Dynasty also open a Chinese postal service. His insights were praised by Li Hongzhang, and he was subsequently ordered to draft the “Translation and Drafting of the Postal Service’s Rules for Sending Letters”, which included ten The specifications, features, rates, υποστηρίζει εξωτερικά ασύρματα ακουστικά EHS. of several types of mail are specified in detail. When Kang Youwei was 22 years old, he read the newly published “New Records of Around the Earth”.
έχει προκύψει σταδιακά μια κατάσταση στην οποία πολλοί φορείς ανταγωνίζονται στην ίδια αγορά 1877, the year after Bell invented the telephone, a Chinese was fortunate enough to use a telephone. This Chinese was named Guo Songtao, who was the first minister of the Qing Dynasty to Britain.
On October 16, 1877, Guo Songtao was invited to visit a power plant near London, England. During the visit, the owner specifically asked him to experience the telephone, which had recently been introduced to the United Kingdom from the United States. One end of the telephone was installed upstairs and the other end was installed downstairs. , Guo Songtao asked Zhang Deyi, the translator of the Chinese Embassy, to go downstairs to answer the call, while he made the call upstairs.
Guo: “Did you hear that?”
Zhang: “Yes.”
Guo: “Are you aware?”
Zhang: “Yes”
Guo: “Please count the numbers.”
Zhang: “One, two, three, four, five, six, seven”
This was the first time for Chinese people to use the telephone. Guo Songtao wrote down his experience of using the telephone in his diary: “There are many languages and there are many that cannot be understood, but this number is distinct.” He called it a “sound reporting machine”. Guo Songtao will What he saw along the way was recorded in his diary “Shi Xi Ji Cheng”, advocating that China should study and learn from the advanced technologies and systems of the West. After the book was sent to the Prime Minister’s Office, it was attacked and cursed by diehards. It was not made public until Guo Songtao’s death. issued.
As the professional OEM fixed telephone manufacturer, Shenzhen EAST LINE can supply lots of different kinds of corded landline telephones for home, office, hotel and public places.
3． Magnet Telephone
Bell’s phone is a magnet phone. The so-called magnet phone is also called a hand-crank phone or a crank phone. There is a crank on the left side of the phone. Before using the phone, you need to crank it to charge the battery. The general working principle is: When the speaker picks up the phone and speaks into the microphone, the vibration of the vocal cords forms sound waves, which act on the microphone, causing the carbon particles in the metal box of the microphone to become loose and tight – the resistance becomes large and small – circuit The current is strong and weak. , the voice current is transmitted along the line to the receiver of the other party’s phone. The magnetism of the electromagnet in the receiver becomes stronger and weaker – the magnetic force on the thin iron sheet becomes stronger and smaller – causing the thin iron sheet to vibrate and emit sounds that are connected to the speaker. Same sound.
